NCERT Introduces Emergency in Class 9 Textbook

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The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has added the 1975 Emergency to its Class 9 textbook titled Understanding Society: India and Beyond.
The Emergency was officially imposed on 25th June 1975 because of internal disturbance and stayed active until March 1977.

The President can declare a National Emergency (NE) under Article 352 when external war, aggression, or armed rebellion threatens India.
The 38th Amendment Act, 1975 allowed the President to issue multiple proclamations for war, external aggression, or internal disturbance.
The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 replaced the vague term internal disturbance with armed rebellion to make the rule clearer and more objective.
A National Emergency can apply to the whole of the country or only a part of it, a rule added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 states that both Houses of Parliament must approve a NE within one month using a special majority.
If the Lok Sabha is dissolved during a declaration, the Rajya Sabha gives temporary approval, but the new Lok Sabha must approve it within 30 days of meeting.
A NE lasts for 6 months and can be extended infinitely with approval from Parliament every 6 months.
The President can revoke a NE at any time without needing approval from Parliament.
The Lok Sabha can stop an emergency if one-tenth of its total members give a written notice to the Speaker or the President, leading to a special sitting within 14 days.
The 38th Amendment Act, 1975 stopped courts from reviewing the Emergency declaration, but the 44th Amendment Act, 1978 changed this rule.
In the Minerva Mills case, 1980, the Supreme Court ruled that a Proclamation of NE can be challenged in court if it is fake, baseless, or absurd.